【收藏】Linux服务器巡检的重要性，附脚本！

z释然z 释然IT杂谈 2023-04-23

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前言：

Linux服务器是系统重要的业务运行平台，对服务器进行巡检能够及时发现服务器的隐患，以便于改善和优化服务器的性能；观察服务器的运行状况，及时对设备进行调整，保证服务器的24小时不间断的工作；以及采集网内服务器信息。在此，为了便于运维人员顺利的完成服务器巡检工作，小编写了此文档，希望对Linux服务器的巡检工作起到指导、帮助的作用。

一、巡检项目

1、服务器硬件检查

2.操作系统检查

3.性能检查

4.安全检查

二、收集的脚本

巡检项信息如下（也可自行添加收集信息的模块）：

1)、系统基本信息

2)、cpu信息

3)、ip网络信息

4)、cpu使用率

5)、连接数信息

6)、系统限制信息

7)、内存使用信息

8)、磁盘使用信息

9)、网络流量情况/系统资源变化

10)、cpu消耗情况前10排行

11)、cpu消耗按内存情况前10排行

12)、磁盘io情况

13)、系统定时任务列表

14)、系统定时任务脚本内容

脚本使用前注意事项

需要使用root用户执行下载脚本：

使用说明
脚本中 ifconfig、mpstat、iostat命令有依赖，需要安装相关依赖包
yum -y install bc sysstat net-tools
执行chmod 777 oswatch.sh；然后直接sh oswatch.sh执行；
执行完巡检之后，将在脚本所在的路径下生成html巡检结果报告，如下：

脚本内容如下：

#!/bin/bashipaddress=`ip a|grep "global"|awk '{print $2}' |awk -F/ '{print $1}'`file_output=${ipaddress}'_os_linux_summary.html'td_str=''th_str=''yum -y install bc sysstat net-tools;sleep 10;create_html_css(){ echo -e "<html><head><style type="text/css"> body {font:12px Courier New,Helvetica,sansserif; color:black; background:White;}

    table,tr,td {font:12px Courier New,Helvetica,sansserif; color:Black; background:#FFFFCC; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px; margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}

    th          {font:bold 12px Courier New,Helvetica,sansserif; color:White; background:#0033FF; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}

h1 {font:bold 12pt Courier New,Helvetica,sansserif; color:Black; padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;} </style></head><body>"}create_html_head(){echo -e "<h1>$1</h1>"}create_table_head1(){ echo -e "<table width="68%" border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellspacing="0px" style="border-collapse:collapse">"}create_table_head2(){ echo -e "<table width="100%" border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellspacing="0px" style="border-collapse:collapse">"}create_td(){ td_str=`echo $1 | awk 'BEGIN{FS="|"}''{i=1; while(i<=NF) {print "<td>"$i"</td>";i++}}'`}create_th(){ th_str=`echo $1|awk 'BEGIN{FS="|"}''{i=1; while(i<=NF) {print "<th>"$i"</th>";i++}}'`}create_tr1(){ create_td "$1" echo -e "<tr> $td_str </tr>" >> $file_output}create_tr2(){ create_th "$1" echo -e "<tr> $th_str </tr>" >> $file_output}create_tr3(){ echo -e "<tr><td> <pre style=\"font-family:Courier New; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: -moz-pre-wrap\" > `cat $1` </pre></td></tr>" >> $file_output}create_table_end(){ echo -e "</table>"}create_html_end(){ echo -e "</body></html>"}NAME_VAL_LEN=12name_val () { printf "%+*s | %s\n" "${NAME_VAL_LEN}" "$1" "$2"}get_physics(){ name_val "巡检时间" "`date`" name_val "主机名" "`uname -n`" name_val "系统版本" "`cat /etc/{oracle,redhat,SuSE,centos}-release 2>/dev/null|sort -ru|head -n1`" name_val "内核版本" "`uname -r`"

    name_val "架构" "CPU=`lscpu|grep Architecture|awk -F: '{print $2}'|sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//g'`;OS=`getconf LONG_BIT`-bit"

}get_cpuinfo () { file="/proc/cpuinfo" virtual=`grep -c ^processor "${file}"` physical=`grep 'physical id' "${file}" | sort -u | wc -l` cores=`grep 'cpu cores' "${file}" | head -n 1 | cut -d: -f2` model=`grep "model name" "${file}"|sort -u|awk -F: '{print $2}'` speed=`grep -i "cpu MHz" "${file}"|sort -u|awk -F: '{print $2}'` cache=`grep -i "cache size" "${file}"|sort -u|awk -F: '{print $2}'` SysCPUIdle=`vmstat | sed -n '$ p' | awk '{print $15}'` [ "${physical}" = "0" ] && physical="${virtual}" [ -z "${cores}" ] && cores=0 cores=$((${cores} * ${physical})); htt="" if [ ${cores} -gt 0 -a $cores -lt $virtual ]; then htt=yes; else htt=no; fi name_val "线程" "physical = ${physical}, cores = ${cores}, virtual = ${virtual}, hyperthreading = ${htt}" name_val "cpu型号" "${physical} x ${model}" name_val "速度" "${virtual} x ${speed} MHz" name_val "缓存" "${virtual} x ${cache}" name_val "CPU空闲率(%)" "${SysCPUIdle}%"}get_netinfo(){ echo "interface | status | ipadds | mtu | Speed | Duplex" >>/tmp/tmpnet_h1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt for ipstr in `ifconfig -a|grep ": flags"|awk '{print $1}'|sed 's/.$//'` do ipadds=`ifconfig ${ipstr}|grep -w inet|awk '{print $2}'` mtu=`ifconfig ${ipstr}|grep mtu|awk '{print $NF}'` speed=`ethtool ${ipstr}|grep Speed|awk -F: '{print $2}'` duplex=`ethtool ${ipstr}|grep Duplex|awk -F: '{print $2}'` echo "${ipstr}" "up" "${ipadds}" "${mtu}" "${speed}" "${duplex}"\ |awk '{print $1,"|", $2,"|", $3,"|", $4,"|", $5,"|", $6}' >>/tmp/tmpnet1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt done}get_cpuuse(){

   echo "#######################################  cpu使用率  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmp_cpuuse_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

mpstat -P ALL 10 8 >>/tmp/tmp_cpuuse_`date +%y%m%d`.txt}get_connections (){ filemax=`cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max` name_val "Number of concurrent connections" "${filemax}"}get_ulimitinfo(){

   echo "#######################################  系统限制最大进程数  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmp_ulimitinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

ulimit -a >>/tmp/tmp_ulimitinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  env  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmp_ulimitinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

env >>/tmp/tmp_ulimitinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt}get_meminfo(){

   echo "Locator   |Size     |Speed       |Form Factor  | Type      |    Type Detail" >>/tmp/tmpmem3_h1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

dmidecode| grep -v "Memory Device Mapped Address"|grep -A12 -w "Memory Device" \ |egrep "Locator:|Size:|Speed:|Form Factor:|Type:|Type Detail:" \ |awk -F: '/Size|Type|Form.Factor|Type.Detail|^[\t ]+Locator/{printf("|%s", $2)}/^[\t ]+Speed/{print "|" $2}' \ |grep -v "No Module Installed" \ |awk -F"|" '{print $4,"|", $2,"|", $7,"|", $3,"|", $5,"|", $6}' >>/tmp/tmpmem3_t1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt free -glht >>/tmp/tmpmem2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt memtotal=`vmstat -s | head -1 | awk '{print $1}'` avm=`vmstat -s| sed -n '3p' | awk '{print $1}'` name_val "Mem_used_rate(%)" "`echo "100*${avm}/${memtotal}" | bc`%" >>/tmp/tmpmem1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt }get_diskinfo(){

   echo "Filesystem        |Type   |Size |  Used  | Avail | Use%  | Mounted on | Opts" >>/tmp/tmpdisk_h1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

df -ThP|grep -v tmpfs|sed '1d'|sort >/tmp/tmpdf1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt mount -l|awk '{print $1,$6}'|grep ^/|sort >/tmp/tmpdf2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt join /tmp/tmpdf1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt /tmp/tmpdf2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt\ |awk '{print $1,"|", $2,"|", $3,"|", $4,"|", $5,"|", $6,"|", $7,"|", $8}' >>/tmp/tmpdisk_t1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt lsblk >>/tmp/tmpdisk1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt for disk in `ls -l /sys/block|awk '{print $9}'|sed '/^$/d'|grep -v fd` do echo "${disk}" `cat /sys/block/${disk}/queue/scheduler` >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt done echo "==========df -h============" >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt df -h >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt echo "==========mount============" >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt mount >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt echo "==========fdisk -l============" >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt fdisk -l >>/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

pvs >>/tmp/tmpdisk3_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "======================  =====  =====  =====  =====  =====  ==========  =======" >>/tmp/tmpdisk3_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

vgs >>/tmp/tmpdisk3_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "======================  =====  =====  =====  =====  =====  ==========  =======" >>/tmp/tmpdisk3_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

lvs >>/tmp/tmpdisk3_`date +%y%m%d`.txt} ##xiao changge get_topproc(){ #os load

   echo "#######################################  网络流量情况  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

sar -n DEV 10 6 >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  ip add  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

ip add >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  ss -t -a  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

ss -t -a >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  netstat -lntp  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

netstat -lntp >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  netstat -anp  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

netstat -anp >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  netstat -rn  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

netstat -rn >>/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  系统资源变化  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

vmstat -S M 10 6 >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt mpstat 1 5 >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

   echo "#######################################  消耗CPU前十排行  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

ps aux|head -1 >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt ps aux|grep -v PID|sort -rn -k +3|head >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt sleep 2;

   echo "#######################################  消耗内存前十排行  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

ps aux|head -1 >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt ps aux|grep -v PID|sort -rn -k +4|head >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt sleep 2;

   echo "#######################################  TOP资源监控  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

top -bn1 -o "%CPU"|sed -n '1,80p' >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt sleep 2;

  echo "#######################################  显示进程信息ps -ef  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

ps -ef >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt sleep 2; #top i/o

   echo "#######################################  磁盘io情况  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmptopio_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

iostat -k -d 10 5 >>/tmp/tmptopio_`date +%y%m%d`.txt}get_crontablist(){ crontab -l >>/tmp/tmp_crontab_`date +%y%m%d`.txt if [ -s /tmp/tmp_crontab_`date +%y%m%d`.txt ] ; then echo 'ths file is not empyt and file info' else echo '#### 无定时任务 ####' >>/tmp/tmp_crontab_`date +%y%m%d`.txt fi}get_crontab_content(){ crontab_content_log=/tmp/tmp_crontab_content_`date +%y%m%d`.txt crontab -l|awk -F ' ' '{ print $NF}' >>$crontab_content_log

contrab_num=`crontab -l|awk -F ' ' '{ print $NF}'|wc -l` if [ $contrab_num -ne 0 ];then count=1 while [ $count -le $contrab_num ] do

       echo "#######################################  获取系统定时任务脚本 $count 内容开始  #######################################" >>/tmp/tmp_crontab_shellcontent_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

cat `sed -n -e "${count}p" $crontab_content_log` >>/tmp/tmp_crontab_shellcontent_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

       echo -e "\n#######################################  获取系统定时任务脚本 $count 内容结束  #######################################\n" >>/tmp/tmp_crontab_shellcontent_`date +%y%m%d`.txt

count=$[${count}+1] done else echo '#### 无定时执行脚本 ####' >>/tmp/tmp_crontab_shellcontent_`date +%y%m%d`.txt fi}create_html(){ rm -rf $file_output touch $file_output create_html_css >> $file_output create_html_head "系统基本信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_physics >>/tmp/tmpos_summ_`date +%y%m%d`.txt while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpos_summ_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output create_html_head "cpu信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_cpuinfo >>/tmp/tmp_cpuinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmp_cpuinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "ip网络信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_netinfo while read line do create_tr2 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpnet_h1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpnet1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "cpu使用率" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_cpuuse create_tr3 "/tmp/tmp_cpuuse_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "连接数信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_connections >>/tmp/tmp_connections_`date +%y%m%d`.txt while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmp_connections_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "系统限制信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_ulimitinfo create_tr3 "/tmp/tmp_ulimitinfo_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "内存使用信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_meminfo while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpmem1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output create_tr3 "/tmp/tmpmem2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output while read line do create_tr2 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpmem3_h1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpmem3_t1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output create_html_head "磁盘使用信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_diskinfo while read line do create_tr2 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpdisk_h1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt while read line do create_tr1 "$line" done < /tmp/tmpdisk_t1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_table_end >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output create_tr3 "/tmp/tmpdisk1_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output create_tr3 "/tmp/tmpdisk2_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output create_tr3 "/tmp/tmpdisk3_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "网络流量情况" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_topproc create_tr3 "/tmp/tmpload_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output create_html_head "性能相关监控" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output sed -i 's/</----/g' "/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" >>/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt create_tr3 "/tmp/tmptop_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output create_html_head "磁盘io情况" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output create_tr3 "/tmp/tmptopio_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "定时任务信息" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_crontablist create_tr3 "/tmp/tmp_crontab_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_head "定时任务脚本内容" >> $file_output create_table_head1 >> $file_output get_crontab_content create_tr3 "/tmp/tmp_crontab_shellcontent_`date +%y%m%d`.txt" create_table_end >> $file_output

create_html_end >> $file_output

  sed -i 's/BORDER=1/width="68%" border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellspacing="0px" style="border-collapse:collapse"/g' $file_output

rm -rf /tmp/tmp*_`date +%y%m%d`.txt}# This script must be executed as rootRUID=`id|awk -F\( '{print $1}'|awk -F\= '{print $2}'`if [ ${RUID} != "0" ];then echo"This script must be executed as root" exit 1fiPLATFORM=`uname`if [ ${PLATFORM} = "HP-UX" ] ; then echo "This script does not support HP-UX platform for the time being"exit 1elif [ ${PLATFORM} = "SunOS" ] ; then echo "This script does not support SunOS platform for the time being"exit 1elif [ ${PLATFORM} = "AIX" ] ; then echo "This script does not support AIX platform for the time being"exit 1elif [ ${PLATFORM} = "Linux" ] ; then create_htmlfi

执行完成后html展示截图：

Linux脚本链接：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/13eNUtJrVBo6DRdLenoWGDw

提取码: hm8u

赠书福利

赠送新书《白话聊Excel函数应用100例 》，由「北京大学出版社」赞助提供，感谢北大社一直以来对本号的支持。感兴趣的朋友推荐入手一本。

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